Role of Finite Element Methods (FEM) in Pressure Vessel Nozzle Stress Analysis: A Survey of Applications and Trends

Abstract

Finite Element Methods (FEM) have emerged as a cornerstone in the structural analysis of pressure vessel nozzles, addressing critical challenges like stress concentrations, material nonlinearities, and thermal loads. This paper surveys FEM applications in nozzle stress analysis, comparing 2D and 3D models for efficiency and accuracy, analyzing complex geometries and multi-nozzle systems, and ingrating material behavior under combined mechanical and thermal stresses. By leveraging FEM tools such as ANSYS and ABAQUS, engineers can model intricate configurations, refine designs, and ensure safety and reliability in industrial applications. Future advancements, including AI-assisted FEM, hold promise for further enhancing precision and efficiency in structural analysis.